一 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but t高考资源网his should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______.
A. repeated without any change B. treated as a joke
C. made some changes by the parent D. set in the present
2. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is _______.
A. in a realistic setting B. heard for the first time
C. repeated too often D. told in a different way
3. The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _______.
A. makes them less fearful
B. develops their power of memory
C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of
D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
4. The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _______.
A. fairy stories are still being made up
B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales
C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
5. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.
A. they are full of imagination
B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth
C. they are not interesting
D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach
B
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated(估计) to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
6. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Difficulties of Learning English
B. International Communications
C. The Standard Varieties of English
D. English as a World Language
7. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
B. There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.
C. It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
D. People learn English for a variety of reasons.
8. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?
A. It was popular during Shakespeare’s time.
B. It is used in former British colonies.
C. It serves the needs of its native speakers.
D. It is a world language that is used for international communication.
9. What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?
A. The ability to read a newspaper.
B. It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation.
C. Being a multilingual.
D. Being a native speaker.
10. What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?
A. Those geographically close to the United States.
B. Those interested in the culture of the United States.
C. Former colonies of Great Britain.
D. Countries where international conferences are held.
C
“If there is one thing I’m sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. It is not that newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
The nature of what is news may change. What basically makes news is what affects our lives — the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though. It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic(基因) engineering. In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do — as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送) electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home. In fact, I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future. You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read — sports and international news, etc.
I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体). They actually feed off each other. Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasn’t happened. What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air. And as for the Internet, it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.
11. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Best Way to Get News B. The Changes of Media
C. Make Your Own Newspaper D. The Future of Newspaper
12. In the writer’s opinion, in the future, _______.
A. more big political affairs, wars and disasters will make news
B. newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer
C. newspapers will cover more scientific research
D. more and more people will watch TV
13. What will probably be on in the newspaper made by yourself?
A. Sports and international news. B. A menu of important news.
C. The most important news. D. What you are interested in.
14. From the passage, we can infer _______.
A. newspapers will win the competition among the different media
B. newspapers will stay with us together with other media
C. television will take the place of newspaper
D. the writer believe some media will die out
15. The phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph means _______.
A. depend on B. compete with C. fight with D. kill off
D
The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious(意识到的) effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently(永久的)by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it.
Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.
Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read.
Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.
If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.
16. When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do?
A. Guess its meaning. B. Ask somebody.
C. Look it up in a dictionary. D. All of the above.
17. According to this passage, the best way to build a good vocabulary is _______.
A. to remember a lot B. to read a great deal
C. to take part in a lot of good talks D. both B and C
18. The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by “_______”.
A. look at B. pay attention to
C. write down D. learn by heart
19. In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______.
A. the parts of words B. prefixes C. suffixes D. roots
二. 任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。
U.S. woman to carry Olympic torch in China
Jenny Bowen, an American living in Beijing, has been selected as the only American to carry the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch on Chinese soil next year. She and seven other non-Chinese winners were chosen from a pool of 262 applicants from 47 countries in a contest organized by Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group and the official English-language newspaper, China Daily.
When Bowen runs with the Olympic torch next year, she will not only be representing the United States. She will also be representing thousands of Chinese orphans, ABC news said.
Bowen, a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters, is executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an organization which was established in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and enhance the prospects for orphaned children in China.
Nearly 10 years later, Bowen and Half the Sky have touched the lives of over 13,000 children. Half the Sky is now present in 36 welfare institutions in 28 Chinese cities. Approximately 4,000 children are active in the program, which provides trained staff, educational tools, medical support and nurturing love to orphans.
Bowen hopes that running with the Olympic torch next year will help draw attention to the children in China. She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route across five continents. Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in Olympic history.
Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese winners, who include a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in China. Other countries represented will be the Philippines, Colombia, India, Japan and Russia.
According to Olympic organizers, candidates were selected based on an online vote, committee selection, their "love of Chinese culture and history" and devotion to "[communicating] information of a real China to their native countries."
Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.
Title: U.S woman to carry Olympic torch in China
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Lenovo Group, the official English-language newspaper and China Daily
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Lucky 2
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Jenny Bowen and seven other non-Chinese 3 were chosen from a pool of 262 applicants from 47 countries who are all loving Chinese culture and history and devoting to information of a real China to their own ___4___.
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Bowen
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1. Bowen is a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters and an executive director of Half the Sky Foundation.
2. She is the only American to carry the torch on China ____5__.
3. She will not only represent U.S but orphans in China.
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Half the Sky’s ___6___
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About 10 years after 1998, they have ___7___ over 1300 children and now have 36 welfare institutions in 28 Chinese cities.
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Bowen’s _8___
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Draw attention to the cause of the orphans in China.
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The___9___ about the Olympic torch relay
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1. There will be 19,400 runners and they will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route and ___10___ five continents. w.w
2. Each of them on Chinese soil will carry the torch for 200 metres.
3. It will be the longest one in the Olympic history.
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一 阅读理解
A【答案解析】本文为论说文，作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。
1. C。细节题。根据 It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. 可推知此题答案为C。
2. B。细节题。根据 this arises from the child having heard the story once. 可推知此题答案为B。
3. A。细节题。根据Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.可以得出此答案。
4. B。推断题。有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. 可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。
5. B。推断题。根据 …not objectively true, do not exist可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。故选B。
B【答案与解析】本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了英语最后成为世界语言的原因及英语在当代社会中的重要性。
6.D。主旨题。根据第3段第1句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此题的答案为 D。
7.A。细节题。根据文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此题的答案为A。
8.D。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区的使用，可推知此题的答案为D。
9.B。细节题。根据文章第2段最后一句可推知此题答案为B。
10.C。细节题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题答案为C。
C【答案与解析】本文提出报纸这一新闻媒体在近百年内不会消失的观点并分析了其原因。
11. D。主旨题。从文章第1句：一百年后人们仍要读报，到后面文章讲到报纸跟人们生活的关系，报纸的形式和内容，可归纳出此题的答案为D。
12. C。细节题。根据文章第2段I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though.可推知此题答案为C。
13. D。推断题。从文章第3段最后一句You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read… 可推知此题答案为D。
14. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第3句Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday可推知此题答案为B。
15. A。词义猜测题。作者上一句说人们错误地认为各各种不同的媒体相互竞争，而下一句作者又说 They actually feed off each other(注意句中 actually 一词)，再结合所给的四个选项，可知选A为合适。
D【答案与解析】怎样扩大词汇？捷径是：多读、多说、多听、多写。
16. D。细节题。从第 2 段第2、3句话可知答案为 D。
17. D。细节题。只要看到第 1 段第 2 句话The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks 可知答案为 D。
18. B。词义猜测题。此处讲的是在“听”英语时如何对待生词的问题，根据我们“听”的经验选项A、C、D 显然可排除。
19. A。词义猜测题。B、C、D三项都是属于the parts of words。
二. 任务型阅读
1. Hosts 2. dogs 3. victors 4. nations 5. land
6. development 7. helped 8. dream 9. introduction 10. cross
